Jack Crawford

Lore & Background

Jack Crawford's defining professional trait is his willingness to use dangerous assets to solve cases. In *Red Dragon*, he convinces a retired Will Graham to help hunt 'The Tooth Fairy,' a decision that leads to Graham being attacked and disfigured by Francis Dolarhyde. Crawford feels responsible for this misfortune and resents Hannibal Lecter for the rest of his life. In *The Silence of the Lambs*, Crawford is stumped by the 'Buffalo Bill' case and sends FBI trainee Clarice Starling to interview Lecter. Throughout this novel, Crawford is struggling under a double burden, caring for his terminally ill wife, Bella, at home while leading the investigation. Bella dies near the end of the novel. In *Hannibal*, Crawford is portrayed as very sympathetic toward Starling, yet increasingly distant due to failing health and his powerlessness against corrupt bureaucrats. He is forced into leave from the FBI and soon dies of a heart attack.

In Their Own Story

In *Red Dragon*, Jack Crawford calls upon his former protégé, Will Graham, for assistance in solving murders committed by a serial killer dubbed 'The Tooth Fairy.' Graham had retired after being attacked and nearly killed by Dr. Hannibal Lecter, a Baltimore psychiatrist. Crawford convinces Graham to come out of retirement, and they soon realize they need Lecter's help again. After Lecter sends the killer, Francis Dolarhyde, Graham's address, Crawford helps shelter Graham and his family. Graham eventually solves the case, but Dolarhyde disfigures him before Graham's wife kills him. In *The Silence of the Lambs*, Crawford investigates 'Buffalo Bill,' a killer who skins women. He sends Clarice Starling to interview Lecter. Using information from Lecter, Crawford and the FBI attempt to track down Jame Gumb, but the address they obtain is out of date. Starling ends up stumbling upon Gumb's house and singlehandedly kills him, rescuing his intended victim. In the television adaptation *Hannibal*, Crawford is portrayed as deliberately pushing the limits of Graham's sanity. He reluctantly arrests Graham after finding evidence that he is responsible for several murders, unaware that Lecter framed him. In the second-season finale, Crawford attempts to arrest Lecter, but Lecter escapes after severely injuring him. In the third season, Crawford survives his injuries but is forced into retirement. He tracks down Lecter in Florence, Italy, and engages him in brutal hand-to-hand combat. Lecter escapes. Later, after Lecter and Graham escape from Mason Verger's estate, Crawford—reinstated by the FBI—goes to Graham's house, where Lecter voluntarily surrenders to him. Three years later, Crawford asks Graham to help catch 'The Tooth Fairy,' Francis Dolarhyde. They arrange to use Lecter as bait, but Lecter escapes.

Reader's Guide

Jack Crawford first appears in the novel *Red Dragon*. He is the Agent-in-Charge of the Behavioral Science Unit. He calls upon Will Graham, his former protégé, to solve the 'Tooth Fairy' murders. Graham has a reputation for being able to think like criminals. Crawford convinces Graham to come out of retirement. They use Lecter's help. Lecter sends the killer Graham's address. Crawford helps shelter Graham's family. Graham solves the case but is disfigured. Crawford feels responsible and resents Lecter. In *The Silence of the Lambs*, Crawford investigates 'Buffalo Bill.' He is stumped and sends Clarice Starling to interview Lecter. They obtain an address for Jame Gumb, but it is out of date. Starling kills Gumb and rescues his victim. Crawford is caring for his terminally ill wife, Bella, who dies near the end of the novel. In *Hannibal*, Crawford is a minor character. He is sympathetic toward Starling but powerless against corrupt bureaucrats. He is forced into leave from the FBI and soon dies of a heart attack. In the television series *Hannibal*, Crawford pushes the limits of Graham's sanity. He arrests Graham after finding evidence that Lecter framed Graham. He helps Graham plan to entrap Lecter. Lecter escapes after severely injuring Crawford. Crawford is forced into retirement. His wife, Bella, dies of lung cancer. He tracks Lecter to Florence and fights him. Lecter escapes. Crawford is reinstated and takes Lecter into custody. Three years later, he asks Graham to help catch 'The Tooth Fairy.' They use Lecter as bait, but Lecter escapes.

Did You Know?

• Jack Crawford is modeled after John E. Douglas, who held the same position as Agent-in-Charge of the Behavioral Science Unit.
• Scott Glenn, who played Crawford in *The Silence of the Lambs*, was given an audio tape by John Douglas of serial killers torturing a victim as research; he refused to reprise the role in *Hannibal* because of the experience.
• In the novel *Hannibal*, Crawford dies of a heart attack after being forced into leave from the FBI.
• In the television series *Hannibal*, Crawford engages Lecter in brutal hand-to-hand combat in Florence, Italy.
• Crawford's wife, Bella, dies of lung cancer in the third season of the television series *Hannibal*.

Career Trajectory and Professional Burden

Jack Crawford is the Agent-in-Charge of the Behavioral Science Unit of the FBI in Quantico, Virginia, modeled after John E. Douglas. His career is defined by his reliance on Will Graham, his former protégé, to solve serial murder cases. In *Red Dragon*, he calls Graham out of retirement to hunt 'The Tooth Fairy.' In *The Silence of the Lambs*, he is stumped by 'Buffalo Bill' and sends Clarice Starling to interview Lecter. Throughout that novel, Crawford is struggling under a double burden, as he is caring for his terminally ill wife, Bella, at home while leading the investigation. Bella dies near the end of the novel. In *Hannibal*, Crawford is portrayed as very sympathetic toward Starling, yet increasingly distant due to failing health and his powerlessness against the corrupt bureaucrats set to destroy her career. Late in the novel, Crawford is forced into leave from the FBI, and soon dies of a heart attack.

The Will Graham Dynamic

In *Red Dragon*, Jack Crawford calls upon Will Graham, his former protégé, for assistance in solving the murders being committed by a serial killer dubbed 'The Tooth Fairy.' Graham had retired after being attacked and nearly killed by Dr. Hannibal Lecter. Crawford convinces Graham to come out of retirement. They realize they need Lecter's help. Lecter sends the killer, Francis Dolarhyde, Graham's address. Crawford helps shelter Graham and his family. Graham solves the case, but Dolarhyde disfigures him before Graham's wife kills him. Crawford feels responsible for Graham's misfortune, and resents Lecter for the rest of his life. In the television adaptation *Hannibal*, Crawford is portrayed as deliberately pushing the limits of Graham's sanity in order to fully exploit his protegé's gift. He reluctantly arrests Graham after finding evidence that he is responsible for several murders; he is unaware that Lecter framed Graham. When Graham is exonerated, Crawford helps him with an elaborate plan to entrap Lecter. Three years later, Crawford asks Graham, who has retired from the FBI, to help catch 'The Tooth Fairy.'

Literary Decline and Mortality

In the novel *Hannibal*, Jack Crawford appears as a relatively minor character. He is portrayed as very sympathetic toward Clarice Starling, yet increasingly distant due to failing health and his powerlessness against the corrupt bureaucrats set to destroy her career. Late in the novel, Crawford is forced into leave from the FBI, and soon dies of a heart attack. In the film adaptation of *Hannibal*, he does not appear, although a deleted scene explains that he has died. In the television series *Hannibal*, Crawford survives severe injuries from Lecter but is forced into retirement from the FBI. His wife, Bella, dies of lung cancer. He tracks Lecter to Florence and engages him in hand-to-hand combat. Lecter escapes. Crawford is later reinstated by the FBI and takes Lecter into custody. A cut epilogue shows Crawford continuing to hunt for Lecter.

Adaptations and Actor Interpretations

Jack Crawford has been portrayed by four different actors. Dennis Farina played him in *Manhunter*, the 1986 film adaptation of *Red Dragon*. Scott Glenn played him in *The Silence of the Lambs*. For research, Glenn was given an audio tape by FBI agent John Douglas of serial killers Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris torturing a 16-year-old girl. Douglas said, 'Now you are part of my world.' The experience preyed on Glenn's mind, and he refused to return to the role in *Hannibal* because he did not want to place himself in such a mindset again. Harvey Keitel played Crawford in the 2002 adaptation of *Red Dragon*. Laurence Fishburne played him in the television adaptation *Hannibal*.